Last week, I talked a bit about the intimate relationship between the threshold and the ratio. It seemed pretty straightforward, and it was. However, this week, we are going to investigate more deeply parameters that still seem misunderstood, even for sound engineers. Of course, attack and release times are less obvious to the human ear than distorsion, for example.
Why attack and release time matter ?
Attack and release times play an important role in the quality of compression [Zolzer, 2008]. It is true that attack and release set to zero will distort more easily. Also, in that case, the compressor doesn’t care about the feeling transported by the waveform; Mechanically, it will simply chop off everything by half (for ratio 2:1) that will trespass the threshold. Like Bootsie said, “the magic is where the transient happens” [Variety of Sound, 2009], if true, which is, therefore it cannot be systematically cutoff whatever it is supposed to express. For those who don’t know what transients are, let’s say peaks.
What are the challenges one might face while adjusting these parameters ?
First, monitoring and acoustics will play important roles on those adjustment. The fidelity of the speaker will play on the attack time, while the acoustic of a room will play on the perception of release time. Why so that ? Let’s go deeper into that:
The attack felt is directly proportional to the ability of the woofer to reproduce the dynamic. If you’re woofer is made of heavy materials like cardboard, the speaker will respond slowly compared to the one made of kevlar. In other words, if the dynamic of the speaker is slower than your attack setting, you won’t hear any difference.
The release time is hard to hear if you room is very echoic. Why is that ? Because the reverb of your room consists of an amalgam of delayed sound. Therefore, more the reverb level is close to direct sound in terms of power, more you brain will take into account of past events rather than instanteneous ones. It is then a fact that dead environment is better than a live environment for compression release setting.
Theoretical background
First, what are the attack and release time ?
Attack time is the time it takes to the compressor before reaching the gain reduction it should apply once the threshold trespassed. Similarly, the release time is the time the compressor will continue to apply the gain reduction after the signal get back under the threshold.
Where is that coming from ?
The attack and release time are originally coming from the analog domain. Since feedback designs were used, the gain reduction applied by the compression was based on the information that came in few milliseconds before. It’s funny to see in the Altec 436 manual, which has fixed attack time of 50ms was considered as a “fast attack” compressor. Nowaday, it would be considered as slow.
How to adjust them ?
Attack time:
I usually start by setting the attack time first since in many compressor design, the release time is function of the attack time. When listening to the effect, you have to focus your attention on the beginning of the peaks. While a zero attack will brickwall the peak, a little longer attack will let it pass a bit. Now it’s a question of taste which also depends on the particular situation. But, a lot of people like to let pass the attack of high dynamic instruments. For drums as an example, letting the attack pass a bit before compression helps to make the compression more transparent, since the hear still feel the punch in the dynamic even if the rest of the curve is compressed. Voice also gains in having long attack time, since the consonants can pass a bit like percussive sounds. On the opposite side, some sounds like slapping bass, with over exagerated slapping noise will gain in being entirely compressed. Same thing when trying to deess (remove harsh “sss” sound in a voice). In other word, if the impact is desirable: go with a longer-than-zero attack time. If not, if the impact is annoying: cut it straight away with near zero attack time.
Release time:
Release time is often used to minimize audible distorsion. The distorsion phenomenon occurs when is squared by the threshold almost like clipping. This occurs since the samples just under the threshold have almost the same values as the one just above and the ear interprets it as if it was a continuous square wave. By adding a release time, we are pushing the data close to the threshold a bit away, so the ear doesn’t hear it at the volume.
So, according to that explanation, when release time is needed ?? Long release time is particularly needed when the overall volume is close to the threshold. Otherwise, if it is an almost instantaneous huge peak and the rest is really quiet, a very quick attack time would do the job without pumping artifacts. Longer release time than required will translate into pumping effect, which is, in most of the cases, undesirable.
To conclude, I hope this article has been exhaustive enough, please do not hesitate to leave your comments or share your ideas. You can like the www.quantum-music.ca facebook page or subscribe to the RSS flux to get news feeds.
Wow, you know what ? I’ve been setting them a bit randomly for years now… I had a little feeling about what you said, but I think you’re the first I read to put it down so clear. I’m anxious to test those things tonight !! Thanks again Chris
G.
You’re welcome Geoff. Please don’t hesitate to suggest other subjects of your interest !
-Chris
It’s a good post.we will come back again,if you like our site,we will link to you!81mvkefeng
I was suggested this website by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my problem. You are amazing! Thanks!
This really solved my problem, thank you!
I love that blog layout ! How do you make it!? Its really nice!
Re: Whoever made the statement that this was a great internet site truly needs to possess their brain evaluated.
Odd , your site shows up with a dark hue to it, what color is the primary color on your web site?
It’s not at all good, it truly is superb! I personally put in an extremely decent time reading through any entries, it’s actually a embarrassed this so few of those. Increase faves, I most certainly will head to would seem impossible to!
Just discovered this site thru Yahoo, what a way to brighten up my month!
Strange , your site shows up with a dark color to it, what shade is the primary color on your web site?
Cool post ! Thanks for, writing on my blog dude! I will message you again! I did not know that!
I have got 1 suggestion for your website. It seems like there are a number of cascading stylesheet troubles when opening a number of webpages inside google chrome and internet explorer. It is functioning alright in internet explorer. Probably you can double check this.
Jesus Christ theres a great deal of spammy comments on this page. Have you ever thought about attempting to get rid of them or installing a tool?
Just to let you know your site looks a little bit different on Firefox on my netbook with Linux .
This blog site is really good! How can I make one like this .
Have you considered including a few social bookmarking buttons to these blogs. At least for twitter.
You ought to really moderate the commentary on this page
Wanted to drop a comment and let you know your Feed isnt functioning today. I tried including it to my Google reader account and got nothing.
Do you have a spam problem on this web site; I also am a blogger, and I was wondering your scenario; we now have made some great methods and were looking to swap solutions with other folks, be certain to blast me an e-mail if serious.
The look for your site is a tad off in Epiphany. Nevertheless I like your site. I might need to install a normal web browser just to enjoy it.
How come you do not have your website viewable in mobile format? Can not view anything in my netbook.
It appears to me that this site doesnt download in a Motorola Droid. Are other people having the exact same issue? I like this webpage and dont want to have to miss it any time Im gone from my computer.
It looks to me that this web site doesnt load in a Motorola Droid. Are other folks getting the same problem? I like this web site and dont want to have to miss it any time Im away from my computer.
Very first thing i truly do soon after back coming from effort is change my personal cloth. Then, my spouse and i turn on our laptop or computer along with wish for something new on your internet site. It really is right this moment some kind of ritual, i believe. A person possest my figure and heart and soul together with your website!
Im getting a browser error, is anyone else?
Included to bookmarks. Dispersed over all friends and family. Precisely what altogether different may i complete available for you in this awesome document? Simply because I read the necessary threads as well as being more advanced than perfect!
Is it fine to insert a portion of this on my personal web site if I publish a reference to this web page?
Pingback: Car Insurance
I like this website layout ! How was it made. It is really sweet.
Please message me with any hints on how you made your blog look this awesome , I would be thankful!
If you dont mind, where do you host your webpage? I am searching for a good host and your website seams to be quick and up all the time
Amazing article, thank you, I will bookmark you soon.
A interesting post there mate ! Thank you for it .
Re: The person who produced the comment that this was a good internet site genuinely needs to possess their brain evaluated.
quite useful material, all in all I picture this is worthy of a book mark, thanks
Please email me with any pointers about how you made your blog look like this , Id be appreciative!
Brilliant, cheers, I will bookmark you soon.
Fantastic Stuff, do you currently have a flickr profile?
After I start your Rss feed it appears to be a lot of garbage, is the issue on my side?
This site has a lot of very useful information on it! Thank you for informing me.
Even though I truly like this post, I think there was an spelling error close towards the finish of the third paragraph.
When are you going to post again? You really inform a lot of people!
Is it fine to place a portion of this in my personal website if I submit a reference point to this web-site?
How come you do not have your site viewable in mobile format? cant view anything in my iPhone.
Although I actually like this publish, I believe there was an spelling error shut towards the finish of the 3rd sentence.
I just talked to a few days ago using this theme having my coworker. He or she maintained he or she was in fact laying, i absolutely submitted in their correct of your own website, high is really so properly reveal this kind of field layed out. Even now cannot imagine that telling the truth.
Please email me with a few tips on how you made your website look this cool , I would be thankful.
I love your wordpress web template, where did you get a hold of it?
I enjoy your wordpress design, where did you get a hold of it?
Have you considered including a few social bookmarking buttons to these blogs. At least for twitter.
If you dont mind, exactly where do you host your website? I am hunting for a very good web host and your webpage appears to be fast and up most the time
I Will have to visit again when my course load lets up – nonetheless I am getting your Rss feed so i can go through your blog offline. Cheers.
Hey there, I just hopped over to your web page via StumbleUpon. Not somthing I might normally read, but I enjoyed your views none the less. Thanks for creating some thing well worth reading through.
I have got 1 recommendation for your webpage. It appears like at this time there are a couple of cascading stylesheet issues while launching a selection of webpages inside google chrome as well as opera. It is operating alright in internet explorer. Perhaps you can double check this.
How do you make this blog site look this cool. Email me if you can and share your wisdom. Id be thankful!
I think one of your current advertisements caused my web browser to resize, you may well need to set that on your blacklist.
Just discovered this site thru Google, what a way to brighten up my year!
You must online to suit your needs.
Im getting a javascript error, is anyone else?
Have you thought about adding some videos to your article? I think it might enhance my understanding.
I this page for you personally.
This blog has got lots of very useful information on it. Cheers for informing me!
really useful stuff, all in all I imagine this is worthy of a bookmark, thanks
It seems to me that this web site doesnt load up on a Motorola Droid. Are other folks having the same problem? I like this site and dont want to have to skip it whenever Im gone from my computer.
This really solved my problem, thank you!
Have you considered including a few social bookmarking buttons to these sites. At least for flickr.
Nice post . Thank you for, commenting on this blog page dude! I shall email you again. I didnt realise that!
If you dont mind, exactly where do you host your web site? I am shopping for a great web host and your weblog seams to be extremely fast and up most the time
This blog site is really good. How did you make it ?
Excellent read, I just passed this onto a colleague who was doing some research on that. And he actually bought me lunch because I found it for him smile Therefore let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch!
Im getting a browser error, is anyone else?
Oh man. This blog is awesome! How did you make it look this good .
Good Stuff, do you currently have a facebook account?
A cool blog post right there mate . Cheers for that .
Heya, I just hopped over to your web-site thru StumbleUpon. Not somthing I might usually read, but I appreciated your thoughts none the less. Thank you for making some thing worth reading.
How do you make your blog look this sick!? Email me if you want and share your wisdom. Id appreciate it.
The majority of of the responses on this particular site dont make sense.
When I at first left a comment I clicked the Notify me when new comments are added checkbox and now every time a remark is added I receive four emails with the exact same comment.
Wanted to drop a remark and let you know your Rss feed isnt functioning today. I tried adding it to my Google reader account and got absolutely nothing.
How did you make this blog site look this sick!? Email me if you can and share your wisdom. Id be appreciative.
This really answered my problem, thank you!
The structure for your blog is a bit off in Epiphany. Nevertheless I like your web site. I might need to use a normal web browser just to enjoy it.
This is often a wonderful website, would you be interested in doing an interview about just how you developed it? If so e-mail myself!
Re: Whomever made the comment that this was an excellent site truly needs to have their brain looked at.
How come you dont have your website viewable in mobile format? cant view anything in my phone.
I experimented with taking a look at your site on my ipod touch and the design does not seem to be correct. Might wanna check it out on WAP as well as it seems most mobile phone layouts are not working with your website.
Have you considered including a few social bookmarking buttons to these blogs. At the very least for facebook.
I was curious about if you ever thought of replacing the layout of your website? Its very well written; I really like what youve got to state. But maybe you can include a little more in the way of written content so people might connect with it better. You have got an awful lot of text for only having one or two graphics. Maybe you can space it out better?
extremely valuable material, in general I picture this is worthy of a book mark, thanks a lot
Wow. This website is amazing. How do you make it look this good !?
I like that blog site layout ! How do you make it. Its very sweet!
Im having a little problem. I cant get my reader to pick up your rss feed, Im using google reader by the way.
I have got 1 suggestion for your web site. It appears like right now there are a few cascading stylesheet issues while opening a number of webpages inside google chrome and opera. It is operating fine in internet explorer. Possibly you can double check that.
A lot of of the remarks on this site dont make sense.
Although I actually like this post, I believe there was an spelling error close to the end of your third paragraph.
This blog site has got some extremely useful info on it! Thanks for sharing it with me!
I have got one recommendation for your web page. It seems like there are a few cascading stylesheet troubles when launching a number of web pages inside google chrome as well as opera. It is running okay in internet explorer. Possibly you can double check that.
I tried looking at your blog in my cellphone and the design does not seem to be right. Might wanna check it out on WAP as well as it seems most cell phone layouts are not really working with your web page.
Dude! This blog is sick. How did you make it look like this .
Amazing article, cheers, I will subscribe to you RSS now.
When I initially left a comment I clicked on the Notify me when new comments are added checkbox and currently each time a comment is added I receive four emails with the same comment.
Wanted to drop a remark and let you know your Feed isnt working today. I tried including it to my Yahoo reader account but got nothing.
This really answered my problem, thank you!
Have you considered adding some differing opinions to the article? I think it might enhance everyones understanding.
This really answered my problem, thank you!
This really solved my problem, thank you!
A cool blog post there mate ! Cheers for it !
Dude! This blog is amazing! How do you make it look this good !?
This site has got some very helpful stuff on it. Thanks for helping me.
If you could email me with any hints on how you made your website look this cool, Id be appreciative!
The design for your site is a bit off in Epiphany. Nevertheless I like your site. I may need to use a normal web browser just to enjoy it.
I have got one recommendation for your webpage. It seems like there are a number of cascading stylesheet issues while opening a selection of web pages within google chrome as well as opera. It is running fine in internet explorer. Probably you can double check this.
Hi, I just hopped over to your site using StumbleUpon. Not somthing I would generally read, but I enjoyed your thoughts none the less. Thank you for making some thing worth reading through.
Fantastic Stuff, do you currently have a myspace account?
This is really a wonderful web site, would you be interested in making time for an interview regarding just how you made it? If so e-mail me and my friends!
Whenever I initially left a comment I clicked the Notify me whenever new comments are added checkbox and now each time a remark is added I receive four email messages with the same comment.
really helpful stuff, overall I imagine this is worthy of a bookmark, thank you
When I initially commented I clicked on the Notify me any time new comments are added checkbox and currently each and every time a comment is added I receive 4 email messages with the exact same comment.
The majority of of the comments on this weblog dont make sense.
If you dont mind, exactly where do you host your blog? I am searching for a very good web host and your webpage appears to be quick and up most the time
When I start your Rss feed it seems to be a lot of junk, is the problem on my side?
Fantastic Stuff, do you have a myspace account?
I love that blog layout ! How did you make it. It is so nice!
When are you going to post again? You really inform a lot of people!
extremely helpful stuff, all in all I picture this is worthy of a bookmark, many thanks
You need to really control the remarks at this site
I experimented with looking at your web site with my cellphone and the structure does not seem to be right. Might want to check it out on WAP as well as it seems most cellphone layouts are not really working with your site.
I have got one recommendation for your web page. It appears like at this time there are a handful of cascading stylesheet issues when launching a selection of webpages within google chrome as well as opera. It is working alright in internet explorer. Perhaps you can double check that.
Have you given any consideration at all with translating your web site in to Spanish? I know a few of translaters right here which might help you do it for free if you want to get in touch with me personally.